Spiked Expansion principle
Lessons from Porcupinefish
Raise the spines.
Inflated Spine Defense
Core lesson
Make the warning too large and too sharp to ignore.
Biological basis
Porcupinefish inflate their bodies when threatened, raising spines and increasing size to deter predators and reduce the chance of being swallowed.
Best use cases
Where this lesson tends to be most useful in practice.
DefenseWarningExpansionDeterrenceSelf-protection